Wheat genome phylogeny and improvement

Poaceae (formerly known as Gramineae) is often considered to be the most important of all plant families to human economies. From evolutionary point of view, wheat is a young polyploid and its genetic configuration is a classical example of cereals phylogenic relationship. The genetic diversity of the elite germplasm have been used by plant breeders for numerous reasons such as germplasm management, genetic relationships, parent selection, and protection. Hence, the knowledge of genetic diversity and relationship among a set of germplasm is of great importance in present scenario for crop improvement and genetic security of food grains. Similarity of wheat genome with rice and maize pave a way to develop more improved verities’ of wheat. Many good stress-tolerant wheat verities have developed in the light of phylogenic study of these species. The focus of this review paper is to highlight phylogenic relation of elite wheat genome as well as laconically development of the new stress tolerant wheat varieties.